Sexual Behavior, Sexual Interference and Sexual Defense in the Salamanders Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma tigrinum and Plethodon jordani

作者：Stevan J. Arnold · 发表于：Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie · 年份：2010 · DOI：10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00970.x · 被引用次数：227 · 研究领域：Animal Behavior and Reproduction、Amphibian and Reptile Biology、Plant and animal studies

Abstract Courtship behavior and ♂ - ♂ interactions in the salamanders Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma tigrinum and Plethodon jordani were investigated with the aim of determining their adaptive significance. The courtship behavior of approximately 30 pairs of A. maculatum, 10 pairs of A. tigrinum and 50 pairs of P. jordani was observed. Behaviors were recorded by verbal transcription, motion picture and still photography. A. maculatum ♂ ♂ court rapidly, deposit many spermatophores, have simple behavior and low success with each spermatophore. P. jordani ♂ ♂ court slowly, usually deposit a single spermatophore, have complex behavior and high success with each spermatophore. A. tigrinum is intermediate in these respects. ♂ ♂ of the two Ambystoma species actively cover the spermatophores of rival ♂ ♂. Male A. tigrinum and P. jordani dupe rival ♂ ♂ into unprofitable spermatophore depositions by mimicking female behavior. Male A. tigrinum actively transport the ♀ away from rivals. Male P. jordani chase rivals away from the ♀. A hypothesis is proposed which relates the evolution of courtship speed, spermatophore number and sexual defenses to the length of the courtship season, the probability of intrusion by rival ♂ ♂ and the sexual receptivity of the ♀. Zusammenfassung Drei Arten von Salamandern unterscheiden sich deutlich in der Länge der Zeit, die das ♂ vor einem ♀ balzt, ehe es die Spermatophore absetzt, und in der Zahl der Spermatophoren, die es pro Balz absetzt. Daraus lassen ...