Rich diversity, strong endemism, but poor protection: addressing the neglect of sandy beach ecosystems in coastal conservation planning

作者：Linda R. Harris, Eileen E. Campbell, Ronel Nel, David S. Schoeman · 发表于：Diversity and Distributions · 年份：2014 · DOI：10.1111/ddi.12226 · 被引用次数：78 · 研究领域：Marine and coastal plant biology、Marine Biology and Ecology Research、Species Distribution and Climate Change

Abstract Aim Spatially‐explicit trends in species richness and endemism on sandy shores are quantified to assess representation of beach ecosystems in existing reserve networks. Also, the relative importance of different drivers of species distributions are compared through species distribution modelling. Location The South African beaches are among the best‐studied in the world, providing sufficient biological data for the analyses. There is also a well‐established coastal protected‐area network that putatively provides moderate protection to nearly all beach habitats. Methods Species distribution maps of beach‐dependent vertebrates, macrofauna, microflora, and foredune vegetation were compiled from existing sources or modelled using standard techniques. While some data were available for the latter analyses, additional sampling was required to improve bioregional coverage. Each species' distribution was coded to a detailed map of the S outh A frican shoreline. Representation of habitats and species in various configurations of existing reserves was determined. Results Overall, 535 species have been recorded on the South African sandy shores, including 139 common species. Endemism is variable among taxonomic groups. Notably, two‐thirds of the macrofauna are regional endemics, half of which are endemic to South Africa. For almost all of the common species, < 20 % of their distributions are protected in land‐sea reserves. Protection of beach habitats is similarly poor; conserv...