First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Causing Panama Disease in Cavendish Bananas in Pakistan and Lebanon

作者：Nadia Ordonez, Fernando A. García-Bastidas, Hashim Laghari ., M. Y. Akkary, E. N. Harfouche, B. N. al Awar, Gert H. J. Kema · 发表于：Plant Disease · 年份：2015 · DOI：10.1094/pdis-12-14-1356-pdn · 被引用次数：81 · 研究领域：Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases、Banana Cultivation and Research、Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

Panama disease of banana, caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubense(Foc), poses a great risk to global banana production. Tropical race 4 (TR4) of Foc, which affects Cavendish bananas as well as many other banana cultivars (Ploetz 2006), was confirmed for the first time outside Southeast Asia in Jordan in 2013 (García-Bastidas et al. 2014). In Pakistan, bananas are produced in the Sindh and Balochistan provinces (91% [31,000 ha] and 9% of the country’s production, respectively). Symptoms ofFusariumwilt, including wilting of leaves and vascular discoloration in rhizomes and pseudostems, were first observed in 2012 in a 2-ha Cavendish plantation in Baoo Pooran (ca. 24°N, 68°E), Sindh Province. By January 2014, approximately 121 ha were affected. In Lebanon, bananas are produced for local consumption and regional export, especially to Syria. Yellowing of leaves and internal vascular discoloration in the pseudostems was first observed in Cavendish plants in October 2013 in the Mansouri and Berghliyeh regions. Thus far, 1 ha has been affected. Infected pseudostem tissue samples from Pakistan and Lebanon were processed for Foc isolation and characterization as described byGarcía-Bastidas et al. (2014). White colonies developed from the surface sterilized (70% ethanol) tissue on Komada’s medium (Leslie and Summerell 2006) and nine single microconidia isolates were generated, four from the Pakistan sample and five from the Lebanon samples and transferred to quarter-strength PDA. All i...