The UVic earth system climate model: Model description, climatology, and applications to past, present and future climates

作者：Andrew J. Weaver, Michael Eby, Edward C. Wiebe, Cecilia Marie Bitz, Phil B. Duffy, Tracy L. Ewen, Augustus F. Fanning, Marika M. Holland, Amy MacFadyen, H. Damon Matthews, Katrin Juliane Meissner, Oleg A. Saenko, Andreas Schmittner, Huaxiao Wang, Masakazu Yoshimori · 发表于：ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN · 年份：2001 · DOI：10.1080/07055900.2001.9649686 · 被引用次数：819 · 研究领域：Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena、Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics、Geology and Paleoclimatology Research

A new earth system climate model of intermediate complexity has been developed and its climatology compared to observations. The UVic Earth System Climate Model consists of a three‐dimensional ocean general circulation model coupled to a thermodynamic/dynamic sea‐ice model, an energy‐moisture balance atmospheric model with dynamical feedbacks, and a thermomechanical land‐ice model. In order to keep the model computationally efficient a reduced complexity atmosphere model is used. Atmospheric heat and freshwater transports are parametrized through Fickian diffusion, and precipitation is assumed to occur when the relative humidity is greater than 85%. Moisture transport can also be accomplished through advection if desired. Precipitation over land is assumed to return instantaneously to the ocean via one of 33 observed river drainage basins. Ice and snow albedo feedbacks are included in the coupled model by locally increasing the prescribed latitudinal profile of the planetary albedo. The atmospheric model includes a parametrization of water vapour/planetary longwave feedbacks, although the radiative forcing associated with changes in atmospheric CO2 is prescribed as a modification of the planetary longwave radiative flux. A specified lapse rate is used to reduce the surface temperature over land where there is topography. The model uses prescribed present‐day winds in its climatology, although a dynamical wind feedback is included which exploits a latitudinally‐varying empiric...