Longitudinal four-dimensional mapping of subcortical anatomy in human development

作者：Armin Raznahan, Philip Shaw, Jason P. Lerch, Liv Clasen, Deanna Greenstein, Rebecca Berman, Jon Pipitone, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Jay N. Giedd · 发表于：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 年份：2014 · DOI：10.1073/pnas.1316911111 · 被引用次数：331 · 研究领域：Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills、Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience、Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications

Growing access to large-scale longitudinal structural neuroimaging data has fundamentally altered our understanding of cortical development en route to human adulthood, with consequences for basic science, medicine, and public policy. In striking contrast, basic anatomical development of subcortical structures such as the striatum, pallidum, and thalamus has remained poorly described--despite these evolutionarily ancient structures being both intimate working partners of the cortical sheet and critical to diverse developmentally emergent skills and disorders. Here, to begin addressing this disparity, we apply methods for the measurement of subcortical volume and shape to 1,171 longitudinally acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scans from 618 typically developing males and females aged 5-25 y. We show that the striatum, pallidum, and thalamus each follow curvilinear trajectories of volume change, which, for the striatum and thalamus, peak after cortical volume has already begun to decline and show a relative delay in males. Four-dimensional mapping of subcortical shape reveals that (i) striatal, pallidal, and thalamic domains linked to specific fronto-parietal association cortices contract with age whereas other subcortical territories expand, and (ii) each structure harbors hotspots of sexually dimorphic change over adolescence--with relevance for sex-biased mental disorders emerging in youth. By establishing the developmental dynamism, spatial heterochonicit...