PROXIMITY ANALYSIS AND THE STRUCTURE OF ORGANIZATION IN FREE RECALL

作者：Michael L. Friendly · 发表于：ETS Research Bulletin Series · 年份：1972 · DOI：10.1002/j.2333-8504.1972.tb00191.x · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Team Dynamics and Performance、Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes、Speech and dialogue systems

ABSTRACT An experiment was designed to test the sensitivity of the method to differences in organizational structure. All subjects learned a list consisting of words selected from hierarchically related taxonomic categories, and which could be organized in alternative ways. Three experimental groups were influenced to adopt the alternative organizations by using different blocked presentation orders of the items. Twelve acquisition trials were given and long‐term retention was tested after either 1, 5, 10, or 20 days. All experimental groups receiving categorically blocked presentation recalled and retained more words than a random input‐order control group. However, the experimental groups did not differ among themselves in recall during acquisition or retention. The proximity analyses produced results which were consistent with the predetermined patterns of organization and indicated that the different organizations of the list were maintained in the retention test. Existing data from several studies of part‐whole transfer by Ornstein were reanalyzed to assess the explanatory power of the method of proximity analysis. These studies had delineated some conditions under which prior learning of part of a list would facilitate or hinder subsequent learning of the whole list. One study demonstrated that random presentation of the whole list produced negative transfer, but that whole‐list learning was facilitated by blocking the presentation order of the final list according to t...