Host Immune System Gene Targeting by a Viral miRNA

作者：Noam Stern‐Ginossar, Naama Elefant, Albert G. Zimmermann, Dana G. Wolf, Nivin Saleh, Moshe Biton, E. Philip Horwitz, Zafnat Prokocimer, Mark N. Prichard, Gabriele Hahn, Debra Goldman‐Wohl, Caryn Greenfield, Simcha Yagel, Hartmut Hengel, Yaël Altuvia, Hanah Margalit, Ofer Mandelboim · 发表于：Science · 年份：2007 · DOI：10.1126/science.1140956 · 被引用次数：651 · 研究领域：Immune Cell Function and Interaction、Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research、RNA Interference and Gene Delivery

Virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered in herpesviruses. However, their biological roles are mostly unknown. We developed an algorithm for the prediction of miRNA targets and applied it to human cytomegalovirus miRNAs, resulting in the identification of the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain B (MICB) gene as a top candidate target of hcmv-miR-UL112. MICB is a stress-induced ligand of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NKG2D and is critical for the NK cell killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. We show that hcmv-miR-UL112 specifically down-regulates MICB expression during viral infection, leading to decreased binding of NKG2D and reduced killing by NK cells. Our results reveal a miRNA-based immunoevasion mechanism that appears to be exploited by human cytomegalovirus.