Functional Polymeric Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Promising Tool for Active Delivery of Bioactives

作者：Manoj Nahar, Tathagata Dutta, Senthilkumar Murugesan, Abhay Asthana, Dinesh Kumar Mishra, Vijayaraj Rajkumar, Manoj Tare, Surbhi Saraf, Nilesh Kumar Jain · 发表于：Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems · 年份：2006 · DOI：10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v23.i4.10 · 被引用次数：178 · 研究领域：Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery、RNA Interference and Gene Delivery、Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field and has achieved breakthroughs in bioengineering, molecular biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. A recent advance in nanotechnology is the development of a functional nanosystem by incorporation, adsorption, or covalent coupling of polymers, carbohydrates, endogenous substances/ligands, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides to the surface of nanoparticles. Functionalization confers a wide array of interesting properties such as stealth characteristics, a bioadhesive property, and that it prevents aggregation of nanoparticles, imparts biostability and solubility, reduces toxicity, and provides site-specific delivery. This makes the nanosystem an intelligent tool for diagnostics, prognostics, and controlled and sustained delivery of protein, peptide, pDNA, and other therapeutic agents to specific targets (tissue, cell, and intracellular). Various types of functional nanosystems, such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, and liposomes, are being extensively explored. However, high tissue accumulation of nonbiodegradable nanoparticles has caused toxicity problems and rendered them as not-so-popular therapeutic and diagnostic systems. The toxicity and safety of nonbiodegradable nanoparticles are subject to future research. Polymeric nanoparticles have offered attractive alternative modules due to biocompatibility, nonimmunogenicity, nontoxicity, biodegradability, s...