Guide to Preventive Cardiology for Women

作者：Lori J. Mosca, Scott M. Grundy, Debra R. Judelson, KATHLEEN B. KING, Marian C. Limacher, Suzanne Oparil, Richard C. Pasternak, Thomas A. Pearson, Rita F. Redberg, Sidney C. Smith, Mary C. Winston, Stanley Zinberg · 发表于：Circulation · 年份：1999 · DOI：10.1161/01.cir.99.18.2480 · 被引用次数：384 · 研究领域：Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments、Acute Myocardial Infarction Research、Cardiac Health and Mental Health

C oronary heart disease (CHD) is the single leading cause of death and a significant cause of morbidity among American women. 1 Risk factors for CHD in women are well documented. 2 Compelling data from epidemiological studies and randomized clinical trials show that CHD is largely preventable.Assessment and management of several risk factors for CHD are cost-effective.3 Despite these facts, there are alarming trends in the prevalence and management of risk factors in women. 2 Smoking rates are declining less for women than for men.The prevalence of obesity is increasing, and Ϸ25% of women report no regular sustained physical activity.4 Approximately 52% of women Ͼ45 years old have elevated blood pressure, and Ϸ40% of women Ͼ55 years old have elevated serum cholesterol.5 The purpose of this statement is to highlight risk factor management strategies that are appropriate for women with a broad range of CHD risk.A more detailed description, including the scientific basis for these recommendations, is available in the 1997 American Heart Association scientific statement "Cardiovascular Disease in Women." 2 Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 6 showed clinicians are missing opportunities to prevent CHD.In this study of 29 273 routine office visits, women were counseled less often than men about exercise, nutrition, and weight reduction.In the multicenter Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS), 7 only 10% o...