Atmospheric Frontogenesis Models: Mathematical Formulation and Solution

作者：Brian John Hoskins, Francis P. Bretherton · 发表于：Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · 年份：1972 · DOI：10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<0011:afmmfa>2.0.co;2 · 被引用次数：842 · 研究领域：Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes、Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations、Climate variability and models

The approximation of geostrophic balance across a front is studied. Making this approximation, an analytic approach is made to a frontogenesis model based on the classic horizontal deformation field. Kelvin's circulation theorem suggests the introduction of a new independent variable in the cross-front direction. The problem is solved exactly for a Boussinesq, uniform potential vorticity fluid. Non-Boussinesq, non-uniform potential vorticity, latent heat, and surface friction effects are all studied. Using a two-region fluid we model the effects of confluence near the tropopause. A similar approach is made to the appearance of fronts in the finite-amplitude development of the simplest Eady wave; this is also solved analytically. Based on the surface fronts produced by these models, we give a general model of a strong surface front. There is a tendency to form discontinuities in a finite time.