Calcium Signaling in Neurons: Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Consequences

作者：Anirvan Ghosh, Michael E. Greenberg · 发表于：Science · 年份：1995 · DOI：10.1126/science.7716515 · 被引用次数：1431 · 研究领域：Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research、Retinal Development and Disorders、Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling

Neuronal activity can lead to marked increases in the concentration of cytosolic calcium, which then functions as a second messenger that mediates a wide range of cellular responses. Calcium binds to calmodulin and stimulates the activity of a variety of enzymes, including calcium-calmodulin kinases and calcium-sensitive adenylate cyclases. These enzymes transduce the calcium signal and effect short-term biological responses, such as the modification of synaptic proteins and long-lasting neuronal responses that require changes in gene expression. Recent studies of calcium signal-transduction mechanisms have revealed that, depending on the route of entry into a neuron, calcium differentially affects processes that are central to the development and plasticity of the nervous system, including activity-dependent cell survival, modulation of synaptic strength, and calcium-mediated cell death.