Identification by redox proteomics of glutathionylated proteins in oxidatively stressed human T lymphocytes

作者：Maddalena Fratelli, Hans Demol, Magda Puype, Simona Casagrande, Ivano Eberini, Mario Salmona, Valentina Bonetto, Manuela Mengozzi, Francis Duffieux, Emeric Miclet, Angela Bachi, Joël Vandekerckhove, Elisabetta Gianazza, Pietro Ghezzi · 发表于：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 年份：2002 · DOI：10.1073/pnas.052592699 · 被引用次数：562 · 研究领域：Signaling Pathways in Disease、Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis、Galectins and Cancer Biology

Formation of mixed disulfides between glutathione and the cysteines of some proteins (glutathionylation) has been suggested as a mechanism through which protein functions can be regulated by the redox status. The aim of this study was to identify the proteins of T cell blasts that undergo glutathionylation under oxidative stress. To this purpose, we radiolabeled cellular glutathione with (35)S, exposed T cells to oxidants (diamide or hydrogen peroxide), and performed nonreducing, two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by detection of labeled proteins by phosphorimaging and their identification by mass spectrometry techniques. We detected several proteins previously not recognized to be glutathionylated, including cytoskeletal proteins (vimentin, myosin, tropomyosin, cofilin, profilin, and the already known actin), enzymes (enolase, aldolase, 6-phosphogluconolactonase, adenylate kinase, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, phosphoglycerate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, and pyrophosphatase), redox enzymes (peroxiredoxin 1, protein disulfide isomerase, and cytochrome c oxidase), cyclophilin, stress proteins (HSP70 and HSP60), nucleophosmin, transgelin, galectin, and fatty acid binding protein. Based on the presence of several protein isoforms in control cells, we suggest that enolase and cyclophilin are heavily glutathionylated under basal conditions. We studied the effect of glutathionylation on some of the enzymes identified in the present study and found that some of them (en...