Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model in Pigs

作者：Kenneth R. Wagner, Guohua Xi, Ya Hua, Marla Kleinholz, Gabrielle M. de Courten‐Myers, Ronald E. Myers, Joseph P. Broderick, Thomas G. Brott · 发表于：Stroke · 年份：1996 · DOI：10.1161/01.str.27.3.490 · 被引用次数：319 · 研究领域：Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research、Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances、Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The mechanisms underlying brain injury from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are complex and poorly understood. To comprehensively examine pathophysiological and pathochemical alterations after ICH and to examine the effects of hematoma removal on these processes, we developed a physiologically controlled, reproducible, large-animal model of ICH in pigs (weight, 6 to 8 kg). METHODS: We produced lobar hematomas by pressure- controlled infusions of 1.7 mL of autologous blood into the right frontal hemispheric white matter over 15 minutes. We froze brains in situ at 1, 3, 5, and 8 hours after hematoma induction and cut coronal sections of hematoma assessment, morphological brain examination, and immunohistochemical and water content determinations. RESULTS: At 1 hour after blood infusion, "translucent" white matter areas were present directly adjacent to the hematoma. These markedly edematous regions had a greater than 10% increase in water content (>85%) compared with the contralateral white matter (73%), and this increased water content persisted through 8 hours. In addition, these areas were strongly immunoreactive for serum proteins. Intravascular Evans blue dye failed to penetrate into the brain tissue at all time points, demonstrating that this serum protein accumulation and edema development were not due to increased blood-brain barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental lobar ICH in pigs models a prominent pathological feature of human ICH, ie,...