Socioeconomic differences in adult mortality and health status.

作者：Linda Gore Martin, Samuel H. Preston · 年份：1994 · 被引用次数：247 · 研究领域：Health disparities and outcomes、Global Health Care Issues、Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

In all countries there is higher mortality and morbidity among lower socioeconomic groups. The recent evidence suggests that social differentials in mortality have widened over the past 20 years. Economic approaches and social-psychological approaches have been used to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and health. The effects of poverty and low status occur through absolute deprivation of material resources and through interpersonal stresses and impaired relationships which accumulate over time. Further research is needed to account for a broad range of factors time factors and intervening factors such as biomedical variables on smoking. Most empirical research explains mortality and health status differences in terms of unequal distribution of income and education. Four studies incorporated a wide range of explanatory factors: Marmots study of civil servants in London; Feldmans study indicating that heart disease is more effected by education differentials; Lundbergs study explaining Swedish males mortality by economic deprivation factors and occupation; and Kaplans study of ischemic heart disease with controls for low status poor health practices social network life satisfaction and helplessness. These studies show that intervening variables including access to health care still do not eliminate the impact of socioeconomic factors. In the US differences by race appear to reflect primarily inequality by race in income and education. Economic models have ...