Higher Burden of Depression Among Older Women

作者：Lisa C. Barry, Heather G Allore, Zhenchao Guo, MARTHA LIVINGSTON BRUCE, Thomas M. Gill · 发表于：Archives of General Psychiatry · 年份：2008 · DOI：10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.17 · 被引用次数：132 · 研究领域：Mental Health Treatment and Access、Cardiac Health and Mental Health、Mental Health via Writing

CONTEXT: The prevalence of depression is disproportionately higher in older women than men, yet the reasons for this sex difference are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the higher burden of depression among older women than men might be attributable to sex differences in the onset (ie, first or recurrent episodes) or persistence of depression and/or to differential mortality among those who are depressed. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: General community in greater New Haven, Connecticut, from March 23, 1998, to August 31, 2005. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 754 persons, 70 years or older, who were evaluated at 18-month intervals for 72 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The 3 outcome states were depressed, nondepressed, and death, with scores of 20 or more and less than 20 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale denoting depressed and nondepressed, respectively. The association between sex and the likelihood of 6 possible transitions (namely, from nondepressed or depressed to nondepressed, depressed, or death) was evaluated over time. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was substantially higher among women than men at each of the 5 time points (P < .001). In most cases, transitions between the nondepressed and depressed states were characterized by moderate to large absolute changes in depression scores (ie, > or = 10 points). Adjusting for other demographic characteristics, women had a higher likelihood of transitioning from nondepressed to ...