A Diagnostic Ice–Ocean Model

作者：W. D. Hibler, Keith Bryan · 发表于：Journal of Physical Oceanography · 年份：1987 · DOI：10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0987:adim>2.0.co;2 · 被引用次数：250 · 研究领域：Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics、Climate variability and models、Cryospheric studies and observations

A coupled ice–ocean model suitable for simulating ice–ocean circulation over a seasonal cycle is developed by coupling the dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model of Hibler with a multilevel baroclinic ocean model (Bryan). This model is used to investigate the effect of ocean circulation on seasonal sea ice simulations by carrying out a simulation of the Arctic, Greenland and Norwegian seas. The ocean model contains a linear term that damps the ocean's temperature and salinity towards climatology. The damping term was chosen to have a three-year relaxation time, equivalent to the adjustment time of the pack ice. No damping, however, was applied to the uppermost layer of the ocean model, which is in direct contact with the moving pack ice. This damping procedure allows seasonal and shorter time-scale variability to be simulated in the ocean, but does not allow the model to drift away from ocean climatology on longer time scales. For the standard experiment, an initial integration of five years was performed at one-day time steps and a 1.45° by 1.45° resolution in order to obtain a cycle equilibrium. For comparison, a five-year simulation with an ice-only model, and shorter one-year sensitivity simulations without surface salt fluxes and without ocean currents, were also carried out. Input fields consisted of climatological surface air temperatures and mixing ratios, together with daily geostrophic winds from 1979. The surface current structure at the end of the five-year simulatio...