Simulation of the Modern Arctic Climate by the NCAR CCM1

作者：David H. Bromwich, Ren‐Yow Tzeng, Thomas R. Parish · 发表于：Journal of Climate · 年份：1994 · DOI：10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1050:sotmac>2.0.co;2 · 被引用次数：56 · 研究领域：Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics、Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena、Climate change and permafrost

The NCAR CCM1's simulation of the modern arctic climate is evaluated by comparing a five-year seasonal cycle simulation with the ECMWF global analyses. The sea level pressure (SLP), storm tracks, vertical cross section of height, 500-hPa height, total energy budget, and moisture budget are analyzed to investigate the biases in the simulated arctic climate. The results show that the model simulates anomalously low SLP, too much storm activity, and anomalously strong baroclinicity to the west of Greenland and vice versa to the east of Greenland. This bias is mainly attributed to the model's topographic representation of Greenland. First, the broadened Greenland topography in the model distorts the path of cyclone waves over the North Atlantic Ocean. Second, the model oversimulates the ridge over Greenland, which intensifies its blocking effect and steers the cyclone waves clockwise around it and hence produces an artificial “circum-Greenland” trough. These biases are significantly alleviated when the horizontal resolution increases to T42. Over the Arctic basin, the model simulates large amounts of low-level (stratus) clouds in winter and almost no stratus in summer, which is opposite to the observations. This bias is mainly due to the location of the simulated SLP features and the negative anomaly of storm activity, which prevent the transport of moisture into this region during summer but favor this transport in winter. The moisture budget analysis shows that the model's net ...