A Multi-Individual Pharmacokinetic Model Framework for Interpreting Time Trends of Persistent Chemicals in Human Populations: Application to a Postban Situation

作者：Roland Ritter, Martin Scheringer, Matthew MacLeod, Urs Schenker, Konrad Hungerbühler · 发表于：Environmental Health Perspectives · 年份：2009 · DOI：10.1289/ehp.0900648 · 被引用次数：77 · 研究领域：Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals、Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

BACKGROUND: Human milk and blood are monitored to detect time trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans. It is current practice to use log-linear regression to fit time series of averaged cross-sectional biomonitoring data, here referred to as cross-sectional trend data (CSTD). OBJECTIVE: The goals of our study are to clarify the interpretation of half-lives derived from fitting exponential functions to declining CSTD and to provide a method of estimating human elimination half-lives from CSTD collected in a postban situation. METHODS: We developed a multi-individual pharmacokinetic model framework and present analytical solutions for a postban period. For this case, the framework quantitatively describes the relationships among the half-life for reduction of body burdens of POPs derived from CSTD, the half-life describing decline in daily intake, and the half-life of elimination from the human body. RESULTS: The half-life derived from exponential fitting of CSTD collected under postban conditions describes the exposure trend and is independent of human elimination kinetics. We use a case study of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) to show that CSTD can be combined with exposure data obtained from total diet studies to estimate elimination kinetics of POPs for humans under background exposure conditions. CONCLUSIONS: CSTD provide quantitative information about trends in human exposure and can be combined with exposure studies to estimate elimination kinetics...