The OPERA experiment in the CERN to Gran Sasso neutrino beam

作者：R. Acquafredda, Thomas Adam, N. Yu. Agafonova, P. Alvarez Sanchez, M. Ambrosio, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, T. Ariga, L. Arrabito, C. Aufranc, D. Autiero, A. Badertscher, A. Bagulya, E. Baussan, Antonio Bergnoli, F Bersani Greggio, A. Bertolin, M. Besnier, D. Biare, D. Bick, Sylvie Blin, K. Borer, J. Boucrot, D. Boutigny, V. V. Boyarkin, C. Bozza, Timothée Goubault de Brugière, R. Brugnera, G. Brunetti, S. Buontempo, J.E. Campagne, B. Carlus, E. Carrara, A. Cazes, L. Chaussard, M. Chernyavsky, V. Chiarella, N. Chon-Sen, A. Chukanov, R. Ciesielski, L. Consiglio, M. Cozzi, G D'Amato, F. Dal Corso, N. D’Ambrosio, J. Damet, C. De La Taille, G De Lellis, Y. Déclais, T. Descombes, M. De Serio, F. Di Capua, D. Di Ferdinando, A. Di Giovanni, N. Di Marco, C. Di Troia, N Dick, S. Dmitrievski, A. Dominjon, M. Dracos, D. Duchesneau, B. Dulach, S. Dusini, J. Ebert, I. Efthymiopoulos, O. K. Egorov, K. Elsener, R. I. Enikeev, A. Ereditato, L. S. Esposito, C. Fanin, Judith Favier, G. Felici, T. Ferber, R. A. Fini, L. Fournier, A. Franceschi, D. Frekers, T. Fukuda, C. Fukushima, V. I. Galkin, V A Galkin, R Gallet, S. Gardien, A. Garfagnini, G. Gaudiot, G. Giacomelli, M. Giorgini, C. Girerd, C. Goellnitz, T. Goeltzenlichter, J. Goldberg, D. Golubkov, Y. Gornushkin, J.-N. Grapton, G. Grella, F. Grianti, E Gschwendtner, C. Guérin, A. M. Guler, C. Gustavino, J.L. Guyonnet, C. Hagner, T Hamane, T. Hara, M. Hauger, M. Heß, M. Hierholzer, K. Hoshino, M. Ieva, M. Incurvati, K. Jakovčić, J Janicsko Csathy, B Janutta, C. Jollet, F. Juget, M Kazuyama, S. H. Kim, N.N. Khovansky, Mitsuhiro Kimura, B. Kliček, J Knuesel, K. Kodama, D. Kolev, M. Komatsu, U. Köse, A. Krasnoperov, I. Kreslo, Z. Krumstein, V V Kutsenov, V. Kuznetsov, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, M. Lavy, C. Lazzaro, T.D. Lê, T. Le Flour, J. Lenkeit, J. Lewis, S. Lieunard, A. Ljubičić, A. Longhin, G. Lutter, A. S. Malgin, K. Manai, G. Mandrioli, Anna Marotta, J. Marteau, G. Martin-Chassard, V. Matveev, N. Mauri, M. Meddahi, Frank Meisel, A. Meregaglia, A Meschini, M. Messina, P. Migliozzi, P. Monacelli, I. Monteiro, F. Moreau, Kunihiro Morishima, U. Moser, M.T. Muciaccia, P. Mugnier, N. Naganawa, Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Takayoshi Nakano, T. Napolitano, V. Nikitina, K. Niwa, Y Nonoyama, A. Nozdrin, S Ogawa, A. G. Olchevski, D. Orlandi, G. I. Orlova, V. I. Osedlo, D Ossetski, M. Paniccia, A. Paoloni, B D Park, I. G. Park, A. Pastore, L. Patrizii, L. Pellegrino, E. Pennacchio, H. Pessard, V Pilipenko, C. Pistillo, N. Polukhina, M. Pozzato, K. Pretzl, P. A. Publichenko, F. Pupilli, L. Raux, J.P. Repellin, R. Rescigno, D Rizhikov, T. Roganova, G. Romano, G. De Rosa, I. Rostovtseva, A. Rubbia, Antonio Dello Russo, V Ryasny, O. G. Ryazhskaya, A. Sadovski, C. Sanelli, Osamu Sato, Y. Sato, V. Saveliev, G. P. Sazhina, A. Schembri, W. Schmidt Parzefall, H. Schroeder, H U Schütz, J. Schuler, L. Scotto Lavina, J. Serrano, H. Shibuya, S. Simone, M. Sioli, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, J S Song, M. Spinetti, L. Stančo, Н. И. Старков, M. Stipčević, T. Strauss, P. Strolin, V. Sugonyaev, Satoru Takahashi, V. P. Talochkin, M. Tenti, V. Tereschenko, F. Terranova, I. Tezuka, V. Tioukov, P. Tolun, V. A. Tsarev, R. Tsenov, S. Tufanli, U. Ugolino, N. Ushida, G. Van Beek, V. Verguilov, T. Viant, P. Vilain, M. S. Vladimirov, L. Votano, J. L. Vuilleumier, T. Waelchli, M. Weber, G. Wilquet, B. Wonsak, Jacques Wurtz, V. F. Yakushev, C. S. Yoon, Y. Zaitsev, A. Zghiche, Ralf Zimmermann · 发表于：Journal of Instrumentation · 年份：2009 · DOI：10.1088/1748-0221/4/04/p04018 · 被引用次数：276 · 研究领域：Neutrino Physics Research、Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies、Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena

The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment has been designed to prove the appearance of ν τ in a nearly pure ν μ beam (CNGS) produced at CERN and detected in the underground Hall C of the Gran Sasso Laboratory, 730 km away from the source. In OPERA, τ leptons resulting from the interaction of ν τ are produced in target units called bricks made of nuclear emulsion films interleaved with lead plates. The OPERA target contains 150000 of such bricks, for a total mass of 1.25 kton, arranged into walls interleaved with plastic scintillator strips. The detector is split into two identical supermodules, each supermodule containing a target section followed by a magnetic spectrometer for momentum and charge measurement of penetrating particles. Real time information from the scintillators and the spectrometers provide the identification of the bricks where the neutrino interactions occurred. The candidate bricks are extracted from the walls and, after X-ray marking and an exposure to cosmic rays for alignment, their emulsion films are developed and sent to the emulsion scanning laboratories to perform the accurate scan of the event. In this paper, we review the design and construction of the detector and of its related infrastructures, and report on some technical performances of the various components. The construction of the detector started in 2003 and it was completed in Summer 2008. The experiment is presently in the data taking phase. The whole sequence of operations has proven t...