TNM (1978) in Bladder Cancer: Use and Abuse

作者：G. D. CHISHOLM, Jon Hindmarsh, Alan G. Howatson, John N. Webb, Anthony Busuttil, Tim B. Hargreave, J. E. NEWSAM · 发表于：British Journal of Urology · 年份：1980 · DOI：10.1111/j.1464-410x.1980.tb03100.x · 被引用次数：47 · 研究领域：Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments、Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies、Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment

Modifications to the TNM classification for bladder cancer, introduced in 1979, are described. The use of this classification was evaluated in 106 new patients. It proved to be satisfactory for in situ and papillary tumours but major problems occurred in attempting to separate superficially invasive from deeply invasive tumours. Several aspects of this classification require further consideration and modifications are proposed.