A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy

作者：Sune Olander Rasmussen, Matthias Bigler, Simon Blockley, Thomas Blunier, S. L. Buchardt, Henrik Clausen, Ivana Cvijanović, Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen, S. J. Johnsen, Hubertus Fischer, Vasileios Gkinis, Myriam Guillevic, Wim Z. Hoek, J. John Lowe, Joel B Pedro, Trevor Popp, Inger K Seierstad, J. P. Steffensen, Anders Svensson, Paul Vallelonga, Bo Vinther, Mike Walker, J. J. Wheatley, Mai Winstrup · 发表于：Quaternary Science Reviews · 年份：2014 · DOI：10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.007 · 被引用次数：2259 · 研究领域：Geology and Paleoclimatology Research、Cryospheric studies and observations、Isotope Analysis in Ecology

Due to their outstanding resolution and well-constrained chronologies, Greenland ice-core records provide a master record of past climatic changes throughout the Last Interglacial–Glacial cycle in the North Atlantic region. As part of the INTIMATE (INTegration of Ice-core, MArine and TErrestrial records) project, protocols have been proposed to ensure consistent and robust correlation between different records of past climate. A key element of these protocols has been the formal definition and ordinal numbering of the sequence of Greenland Stadials (GS) and Greenland Interstadials (GI) within the most recent glacial period. The GS and GI periods are the Greenland expressions of the characteristic Dansgaard–Oeschger events that represent cold and warm phases of the North Atlantic region, respectively. We present here a more detailed and extended GS/GI template for the whole of the Last Glacial period. It is based on a synchronization of the NGRIP, GRIP, and GISP2 ice-core records that allows the parallel analysis of all three records on a common time scale. The boundaries of the GS and GI periods are defined based on a combination of stable-oxygen isotope ratios of the ice (δ18O, reflecting mainly local temperature) and calcium ion concentrations (reflecting mainly atmospheric dust loading) measured in the ice. The data not only resolve the well-known sequence of Dansgaard–Oeschger events that were first defined and numbered in the ice-core records more than two decades ago, b...