Fishing Down Marine Food Webs

作者：Daniel Pauly, Villy Christensen, Anne Johanne Tang Dalsgaard, Rainer Froese, Francisco Torres · 发表于：Science · 年份：1998 · DOI：10.1126/science.279.5352.860 · 被引用次数：4721 · 研究领域：Marine and fisheries research、Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies、Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies

The mean trophic level of the species groups reported in Food and Agricultural Organization global fisheries statistics declined from 1950 to 1994. This reflects a gradual transition in landings from long-lived, high trophic level, piscivorous bottom fish toward short-lived, low trophic level invertebrates and planktivorous pelagic fish. This effect, also found to be occurring in inland fisheries, is most pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere. Fishing down food webs (that is, at lower trophic levels) leads at first to increasing catches, then to a phase transition associated with stagnating or declining catches. These results indicate that present exploitation patterns are unsustainable.