Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation

作者：Lisa V. Alexander, Xiaodan Zhang, T. C. Peterson, John Caesar, B. Gleason, Albert Klein Tank, M. R. Haylock, Daniel S. Collins, Blair Trewin, Fatemeh Rahimzadeh, A. Tagipour, K. Rupa Kumar, J. V. Revadekar, Georgina M. Griffiths, Lucie A. Vincent, David B. Stephenson, John Burn, Enric Aguilar, Manola Brunet, Michael A. Taylor, Mark New, Panmao Zhai, Matilde Rusticucci, Jorge Vazquez‐Aguirre · 发表于：Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · 年份：2006 · DOI：10.1029/2005jd006290 · 被引用次数：4543 · 研究领域：Climate variability and models、Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations、Climate change impacts on agriculture

A suite of climate change indices derived from daily temperature and precipitation data, with a primary focus on extreme events, were computed and analyzed. By setting an exact formula for each index and using specially designed software, analyses done in different countries have been combined seamlessly. This has enabled the presentation of the most up‐to‐date and comprehensive global picture of trends in extreme temperature and precipitation indices using results from a number of workshops held in data‐sparse regions and high‐quality station data supplied by numerous scientists world wide. Seasonal and annual indices for the period 1951–2003 were gridded. Trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes associated with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum temperature. Over 70% of the global land area sampled showed a significant decrease in the annual occurrence of cold nights and a significant increase in the annual occurrence of warm nights. Some regions experienced a more than doubling of these indices. This implies a positive shift in the distribution of daily minimum temperature throughout the globe. Daily maximum temperature indices showed similar changes but with smaller magnitudes. Precipitation changes showed a widespread and significant increase, but the changes are much less spatially coherent compared with temperature change. Proba...