Molecular Pathogenesis of Euthyroid and Toxic Multinodular Goiter

作者：Knut Krohn, Dagmar Führer, Yvonne Bayer, Markus Eszlinger, Volker F. H. Brauer, Susanne Neumann, Ralf Paschke, Dagmar Führer‐Sakel · 发表于：Endocrine Reviews · 年份：2004 · DOI：10.1210/er.2004-0005 · 被引用次数：316 · 研究领域：Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment、Thyroid Disorders and Treatments、Ion channel regulation and function

The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the etiology of euthyroid and toxic multinodular goiter (MNG) with respect to the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and molecular pathology. In reconstructing the line of events from early thyroid hyperplasia to MNG we will argue the predominant neoplastic character of nodular structures, the nature of known somatic mutations, and the importance of mutagenesis. Furthermore, we outline direct and indirect consequences of these somatic mutations for thyroid pathophysiology and summarize information concerning a possible genetic background of euthyroid goiter. Finally, we discuss uncertainties and open questions in differential diagnosis and therapy of euthyroid and toxic MNG.