The mechanical efficiency of natural materials

作者：Ulrike G. K. Wegst, Michael Farries Ashby · 发表于：The Philosophical Magazine A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics · 年份：2004 · DOI：10.1080/14786430410001680935 · 被引用次数：825 · 研究领域：Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials、Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry、Architecture and Computational Design

The materials of nature, for example cellulose, lignin, keratin, chitin, collagen and hydroxyapatite, and the structures made from them, for example bamboo, wood, antler and bone, have a remarkable range of mechanical properties. These can be compared by presenting them as material property charts, well known for the materials of engineering. Material indices (significant combinations of properties) can be plotted on to the charts, identifying materials with extreme values of an index, suggesting that they have evolved to carry particular modes of loading, or to sustain large tensile or flexural deformations, without failure. This paper describes a major revision and update of a set of property charts for natural material published some 8 years ago by Ashby et al. with examples of their use to study mechanical efficiency in nature.