Regional Brain Volume in Depression and Anxiety Disorders

作者：Marie‐José van Tol, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Marjan M. A. Nielen, Liliana Ramona Demenescu, André Alemán, Remco J. Renken, Mark A. van Buchem, Frans G. Zitman, Dick J. Veltman · 发表于：Archives of General Psychiatry · 年份：2010 · DOI：10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.121 · 被引用次数：380 · 研究领域：Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes、Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies、Functional Brain Connectivity Studies

CONTEXT: Major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder are among the most prevalent and frequently co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adults and may have, at least in part, a common etiology. OBJECTIVE: To identify the unique and shared neuroanatomical profile of depression and anxiety, controlling for illness severity, medication use, sex, age of onset, and recurrence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients with MDD (n = 68), comorbid MDD and anxiety (n = 88), panic disorder, and/or social anxiety disorder without comorbid MDD (n = 68) and healthy controls (n = 65). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging was conducted for voxel-based morphometry analyses. We tested voxelwise for the effects of diagnosis, age at onset, and recurrence on gray matter density. Post hoc, we studied the effects of use of medication, illness severity, and sex. RESULTS: We demonstrated lower gray matter volumes of the rostral anterior cingulate gyrus extending into the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus in MDD, comorbid MDD and anxiety, and anxiety disorders without comorbid MDD, independent of illness severity, sex, and medication use. Furthermore, we demonstrated reduced right lateral inferior frontal volumes in MDD and reduced left middle/superior temporal volume in anxiety disorders without comorbid MDD. Also, patients with onset of depression before 18 years of age showed...