Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism

作者：Amna Hassan Sirelkhatim, Shahrom Mahmud, Azman Seeni, Noor Haida Mohd Kaus, Ling Chuo Ann, Siti Khadijah Mohd Bakhori, Habsah B Hasan, Dasmawati Mohamad · 发表于：Nano-Micro Letters · 年份：2015 · DOI：10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x · 被引用次数：4604 · 研究领域：Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications、Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging、Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis

Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many microorganisms exist in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. ZnO-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. ZnO is a bio-safe material that possesses photo-oxidizing and photocatalysis impacts on chemical and biological species. This review covered ZnO-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination, ZnO particle properties (size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration. Particular emphasize was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with focus on generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), OH− (hydroxyl radicals), and O2 −2 (peroxide). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to ZnO-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc ions. These have led to mitochondria weakness, intracellular outflow, and release in gene expression of oxidative stress which caused eventual cell growth inhibition and cell death. In some cases, enhanced antib...