Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder in 18 Dutch Women: Part I. MRI, EEG, and Transvaginal Ultrasonography Investigations

作者：Marcel D. Waldinger, Ad P. G. van Gils, H. Pauline Ottervanger, Waldina V.A. Vandenbroucke, D.L.J. Tavy · 发表于：The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 年份：2008 · DOI：10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01113.x · 被引用次数：55 · 研究领域：Sexual function and dysfunction studies、Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues、Genital Health and Disease

INTRODUCTION: Systematic blood analysis and electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in women with persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) are needed to get more insight into the syndrome's etiology and pathogenesis. AIM: To investigate possible causes of PGAD. METHODS: Eighteen women fulfilling all five criteria of PGAD were included in the study. In-depth interviews and routine blood and hormonal investigations, together with EEG and MRI scans of the brain and pelvis, were performed in all women. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and MRI scans with contrast were performed in subjects who had indications of abnormalities on MRI scans. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detailed descriptions of blood, neurophysiological, and (neuro)anatomical findings. RESULTS: The majority of women experienced PGAD symptoms during early menopause without existing laboratory abnormalities, besides those belonging to menopause. The EEG studies showed no severe diffuse or focal abnormalities. The MRI scans of the brain did not show any specific abnormalities, apart from an already known pericallosal aneurysm in one patient and postoperative findings of meningioma surgery in another patient. MRI scans of the pelvis showed clear to moderate-clear indications of pelvic varices in 55% of the women. TVUS confirmed the existence of pelvic varices in nine women; these had a mild, moderate, and severe extent in two, three, and four women. In three of the latter four patients, a...