Determination of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry

作者：Magdalena Ligor, Tomasz Ligor, Amel Bajtarevic, Clemens Ager, Martin Pienz, Martin Klieber, Hubert A. Denz, Michael Fiegl, Wolfgang Hilbe, Wolfgang W. Weiß, Peter H. Lukas, Herbert Jamnig, Martin Hackl, Bogusław Buszewski, Wolfram Miekisch, Jochen K. Schubert, Anton Amann · 发表于：Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · 年份：2009 · DOI：10.1515/cclm.2009.133 · 被引用次数：262 · 研究领域：Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies、Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography、Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure

BACKGROUND: Analysis of exhaled breath is a promising diagnostic method. Sampling of exhaled breath is non-invasive and can be performed as often as considered desirable. There are indications that the concentration and presence of certain of volatile compounds in exhaled breath of lung cancer patients is different from concentrations in healthy volunteers. This might lead to a future diagnostic test for lung cancer. METHODS: Exhaled breath samples from 65 patients with different stages of lung cancer and undergoing different treatment regimes were analysed. Mixed expiratory and indoor air samples were collected. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) with carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) sorbent was applied. Compounds were analysed by means of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS: The method we used allowed identification with the spectral library of 103 compounds showing at least 15% higher concentration in exhaled breath than in inhaled air. Among those 103 compounds, 84 were confirmed by determination of the retention time using standards based on the respective pure compound. Approximately, one third of the compounds detected were hydrocarbons. We found aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, sulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and halogenated compounds. Acetonitrile and benzene were two of 10 compounds which correlated with smoking behaviour. A comparison of results from cancer patients with those of 31...