Modafinil for cocaine addiction: Multi-site clinical trial

作者：Ahmed Elkashef, A. Anderson, Shuofeng Li, Roberta Kahn, Domenic A. Ciraulo, M. S. Reid, John D. Roache, Harold C. Urschel, Eugene Somoza, Ihsan M. Salloum · 发表于：European Psychiatry · 年份：2008 · DOI：10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1056 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Salivary Gland Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment、Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments、Ear and Head Tumors

Salivary gland epithelial neoplasms are rare in children and adolescents, with only a handful of large series having been published. A retrospective study was conducted for 57 cases in patients 20 years or younger. The tumors were located in the parotid (n = 36), submandibular gland (n = 7), and minor salivary glands (n = 14). Nineteen (33%) tumors were pleomorphic adenoma, whereas the remaining (67%) were malignant. The histologic types of carcinomas were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC, n = 19, 33%), acinic cell carcinoma (n = 7, 12%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 6, 11%), secretory carcinoma (mammary analogue) (SC, n = 4, 7%), and myoepithelial carcinoma (n = 2, 4%). Ninety-three percent (13/14) of the minor and 58% (25/43) of the major salivary gland tumors were malignant. A 7-year-old girl (2%) with a high-grade MEC died from her disease because of uncontrollable locoregional recurrence. Seven patients (16%) developed recurrence including 2 distant metastases from adenoid cystic carcinoma and 6 locoregional recurrences (2 pleomorphic adenomas, 1 SC, 1 myoepithelial carcinoma, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 MEC). The following parameters were associated with decreased disease-free survival in malignant tumors: elevated mitotic index of >4/10 high-power fields (log-rank test, P < .001), and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer pT (P = .029) and pN stage (P < .001). In conclusion, myoepithelial carcinoma and SC can occur in the pediatric population and should be co...