Serum Vaccine Antibody Concentrations in Children Exposed to Perfluorinated Compounds

作者：Philippe Grandjean, Elisabeth Wreford Andersen, Esben Budtz–Jørgensen, Flemming Nielsen, Kåre Mølbak, Pál Weihe, Carsten Heilmann · 发表于：JAMA · 年份：2012 · DOI：10.1001/jama.2011.2034 · 被引用次数：812 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Fluoride Effects and Removal、Fluorine in Organic Chemistry

CONTEXT: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as important food contaminants. They cause immune suppression in a rodent model at serum concentrations similar to those occurring in the US population, but adverse health effects of PFC exposure are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether PFC exposure is associated with antibody response to childhood vaccinations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective study of a birth cohort from the National Hospital in the Faroe Islands. A total of 656 consecutive singleton births were recruited during 1997-2000, [corrected] and 587 participated in follow-up through 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum antibody concentrations against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids at ages 5 and 7 years. RESULTS: Similar to results of prior studies in the United States, the PFCs with the highest serum concentrations were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Among PFCs in maternal pregnancy serum, PFOS showed the strongest negative correlations with antibody concentrations at age 5 years, for which a 2-fold greater concentration of exposure was associated with a difference of -39% (95% CI, -55% to -17%) in the diphtheria antibody concentration. PFCs in the child's serum at age 5 years showed uniformly negative associations with antibody levels, especially at age 7 years, except that the tetanus antibody level following PFOS exposure was not statistically significant. In a structural equation model, a 2-...