Exposure to PBDEs in the Office Environment: Evaluating the Relationships Between Dust, Handwipes, and Serum

作者：Deborah J. Watkins, Michael D. McClean, Alicia J. Fraser, Janice Weinberg, Heather M. Stapleton, Andreas Sjödin, Thomas F. Webster · 发表于：Environmental Health Perspectives · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1289/ehp.1003271 · 被引用次数：195 · 研究领域：Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals、Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants in consumer products and are ubiquitous in residential indoor air and dust. However, little is known about exposure in the office environment. OBJECTIVES: We examined relationships between PBDE concentrations in the office environment and internal exposure using concurrent measurements of PBDEs in serum, handwipes, and office dust. METHODS: We collected serum, dust, and handwipe samples from 31 participants who spent at least 20 hr/week in an office. We used a questionnaire to collect information about work and personal habits. RESULTS: We found positive associations between PBDEs in room dust, handwipes (a measure of personal exposure), and serum. PBDE office dust concentrations were weakly correlated with measurements in handwipes: r = 0.35 (p = 0.06) for pentaBDE (sum of BDE congeners 28/33, 47, 99, 100, and 153) and 0.33 (p = 0.07) for BDE-209. Hand washing also predicted pentaBDE levels in handwipes: low hand-washers had 3.3 times the pentaBDE levels in their handwipes than did high hand-washers (p = 0.02). PentaBDE in handwipes predicted pentaBDE levels in serum (p = 0.03): Serum concentrations in the highest handwipe tertile were on average 3.5 times the lowest handwipe tertile. The geometric mean concentration of pentaBDEs in serum was 27 ng/g lipid. We detected BDE-209 in 20% of serum samples, at levels ranging from < 4.8 to 9.7 ng/g lipid. CONCLUSION: Our research suggests t...