Alcoholic Liver Disease: The Gut Microbiome and Liver Cross Talk

作者：Phillipp Hartmann, Caroline Theresa Seebauer, Bernd Schnabl · 发表于：Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · 年份：2015 · DOI：10.1111/acer.12704 · 被引用次数：282 · 研究领域：Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment、Diet and metabolism studies、Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcoholic fatty liver disease can progress to steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Patients with alcohol abuse show quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Furthermore, patients with ALD have increased intestinal permeability and elevated systemic levels of gut-derived microbial products. Maintaining eubiosis, stabilizing the mucosal gut barrier, or preventing cellular responses to microbial products protect from experimental ALD. Therefore, intestinal dysbiosis and pathological bacterial translocation appear fundamental for the pathogenesis of ALD. This review highlights causes for intestinal dysbiosis and pathological bacterial translocation, their relationship, and consequences for ALD. We also discuss how the liver affects the intestinal microbiota.