The Minimal Ablative Margin of Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (> 2 and < 5 cm) Needed to Prevent Local Tumor Progression: 3D Quantitative Assessment Using CT Image Fusion

作者：Youngsun Kim, Won Jae Lee, Hyunchul Rhim, Hyo Keun Lim, Dongil Choi, Ji Young Lee · 发表于：American Journal of Roentgenology · 年份：2010 · DOI：10.2214/ajr.09.2954 · 被引用次数：278 · 研究领域：Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis、Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies、Renal cell carcinoma treatment

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the minimal ablative margin for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (> 2 and < 5 cm) needed to prevent local tumor progression using CT image fusion and a 3D quantitative method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2005 to March 2007, we performed percutaneous RFA for the treatment of 382 HCCs larger than 2 cm and smaller than 5 cm. A total of 110 tumors in 103 patients (77 men and 26 women; mean age, 59.7 years) that were previously untreated and were monitored for at least 1 year were retrospectively enrolled. A 5-mm safety margin was attempted in all cases, and a CT finding of complete replacement of the index tumor by RFA zone was defined as technical success. We constructed fusion images of CT images obtained before and after RFA and performed radial multiplanar reformation with the rotation axis at the center of the tumor to analyze the ablative margin quantitatively. Risk factors for local tumor progression (the thinnest ablative margin, tumor size, and the effect of hepatic vessels) were assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Patients underwent follow-up for 12.9-46.6 months (median, 28.1 months). The tumors were 2.1-4.8 cm (mean +/- SD, 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm) in diameter. The thinnest ablative margins ranged from 0 to 6 mm (1.0 +/- 1.4 mm). A 5-mm safety margin was achieved in only 2.7% (3/110) of cases. In 47.3% (52/110) of cases, vessel-induced indentation of the ablation zone co...