COMPENSATION FOR TEMPERATURE IN THE METABOLISM AND ACTIVITY OF POIKILOTHERMS

作者：Theodore H. Bullock · 发表于：Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 年份：1955 · DOI：10.1111/j.1469-185x.1955.tb01211.x · 被引用次数：621 · 研究领域：Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry、Marine Biology and Ecology Research、Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies

SUMMARY Many poikilothermal animals exhibit in their metabolism or activity some degree of independence of their temperature. In the general case this is regarded as reflecting a compensation rather than a fundamental insensitivity of metabolism or the rate functions measured. Illustrative cases are assembled including the following: (1) latitudinally separated populations of the same species and of different species which show adaptation in some rate function, often far from complete but sometimes apparently complete, those from higher latitudes having higher rates at given temperatures. (2) Micro‐geographic adaptation has been discovered in intertidal molluscs, comparing low‐tide level with mid‐tide level individuals of the same species; heart rates at a given temperature are higher in those from the cooler habitat. (3) Seasonal shift of various rate processes in a homoeostatic direction is likewise documented, as is (4) experimental acclimation, regarded as evidence of normal, shorter term regulations accompanying periods of unseasonable weather. (5) A number of cases show the phenomenon of rapid compensation, completed in hours or minutes and often sensibly perfect. Even when not perfect, many organisms show in one way or another that they do not submit passively to different temperatures. A number of exceptions are listed which show that the ability to compensate is far from universal. However, the same species may sometimes compensate in other rate functions. The mechan...