Results from long-term fertilizer experiments in China: The risk of groundwater pollution by nitrate

作者：Binhua Zhao, Xinyang Li, H. Liu, Bo Wang, Peng Zhu, S. M. Huang, Dejun Bao, Yongchuang Li, H. B. So · 发表于：NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1016/j.njas.2011.09.004 · 被引用次数：66 · 研究领域：Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics、Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry

Nitrate–N distribution and accumulation down to 200 or 300 cm in the soil profile of different long-term fertilization regimes were studied in 2002 in the China Long-Term Experiments Network (CLTEN) including eight experimental sites where the experiments were started in 1990 or 1991. In this paper we report on the results from five comparable sites (Beijing, Henan, Hunan, Jilin and Xinjiang) representing a wide range of soils, climates and cropping systems some of them with irrigation. At each site, crops (wheat and/or maize) had been grown with no inorganic fertilizer or manure inputs (as control), and with various combinations of N, P or K fertilizers or with NPK plus different levels of manure (M) or straw (S). Fields where N input was from inorganic fertilizers, generally had higher amounts of accumulated NO3–N in the soil profile than control or long-term fallowed soils, which indicated that the use of inorganic fertilizer–N in agricultural systems increased the risk of pollution of the environment. Long-term application of fertilizer–N without P (N, NK) resulted in low crop yields and low N uptake by the crops, leading to lower cumulative apparent N recovery (ANR) and higher NO3–N content and accumulation in the soil profile. This increased the risk of groundwater contamination by nitrate. When fertilizer–N was applied along with P (NP) or PK (NPK) the crop yields, N uptake by the crops and ANR increased markedly and the NO3–N accumulation in the soil profile was much ...