TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind

作者：Charles R. R. Snyder · 发表于：Psychological Inquiry · 年份：2002 · DOI：10.1207/s15327965pli1304_01 · 被引用次数：3688 · 研究领域：Optimism, Hope, and Well-being、Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life、Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare

Hope is defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. The adult and child hope scales that are derived from hope theory are described. Hope theory is compared to theories of learned optimism, optimism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Higher hope consistently is related to better outcomes in academics, athletics, physical health, psychological adjustment, and psychotherapy. Processes that lessen hope in children and adults are reviewed. Using the hope theory definition, no evidence is found for "false" hope. Future research is encouraged in regard to accurately enhancing hope in medical feedback and helping people to pursue those goals for which they are best suited.