How Common Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

作者：William Joseph Barbaresi, Slavica K. Katusic, Robert C. Colligan, V. Shane Pankratz, Amy L. Weaver, Kevin J. Weber, David A. Mrazek, Steven J. Jacobsen · 发表于：Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · 年份：2002 · DOI：10.1001/archpedi.156.3.217 · 被引用次数：261 · 研究领域：Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder、Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior、Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study

CONTEXT: The frequency of occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is in dispute. This uncertainty has contributed to the concern that too many children in the United States are being treated with stimulant medication. OBJECTIVES: To determine the cumulative incidence of AD/HD in a population-based birth cohort and to estimate the prevalence of pharmacologic treatment for children who fulfill research criteria for AD/HD. DESIGN: Population-based birth cohort study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: All children born between 1976 and 1982 in Rochester, Minn, who remained in the community after age 5 years (N = 5718). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical and school records were reviewed for clinical diagnoses of AD/HD and supporting documentation (symptoms consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria and positive results for AD/HD-related questionnaires). Research-identified cases were defined as: (1) "definite" AD/HD (clinical diagnosis and at least one type of supporting documentation); (2) "probable" AD/HD (clinical diagnosis but no supporting documentation or no clinical diagnosis but both types of supporting documentation); (3) "questionable" AD/HD (no clinical diagnosis, but at least one type of supporting documentation); and (4) "not AD/HD" (all other subjects). Information about pharmacologic treatment for AD/HD was abstracted for all subjects. RESULTS: The highest estimate of the cumulative incidence at age 19 years...