Cell wall constrains lateral diffusion of plant plasma-membrane proteins

作者：Alexandre Martinière, Irene Lavagi, Gayathri Nageswaran, Daniel J. Rolfe, Lilly Maneta-Peyret, Doan‐Trung Luu, Stanley W. Botchway, S Webb, Sébastien Mongrand, Christophe Maurel, Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez, Jürgen Kleine‐Vehn, Jiřı́ Friml, Patrick Moreau, John Runions · 发表于：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 年份：2012 · DOI：10.1073/pnas.1202040109 · 被引用次数：261 · 研究领域：Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior、Plant Reproductive Biology、Cellular transport and secretion

A cell membrane can be considered a liquid-phase plane in which lipids and proteins theoretically are free to diffuse. Numerous reports, however, describe retarded diffusion of membrane proteins in animal cells. This anomalous diffusion results from a combination of structuring factors including protein-protein interactions, cytoskeleton corralling, and lipid organization into microdomains. In plant cells, plasma-membrane (PM) proteins have been described as relatively immobile, but the control mechanisms that structure the PM have not been studied. Here, we use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to estimate mobility of a set of minimal PM proteins. These proteins consist only of a PM-anchoring domain fused to a fluorescent protein, but their mobilities remained limited, as is the case for many full-length proteins. Neither the cytoskeleton nor membrane microdomain structure was involved in constraining the diffusion of these proteins. The cell wall, however, was shown to have a crucial role in immobilizing PM proteins. In addition, by single-molecule fluorescence imaging we confirmed that the pattern of cellulose deposition in the cell wall affects the trajectory and speed of PM protein diffusion. Regulation of PM protein dynamics by the plant cell wall can be interpreted as a mechanism for regulating protein interactions in processes such as trafficking and signal transduction.