M33: A Galaxy with No Supermassive Black Hole

作者：Karl Gebhardt, Tod R. Lauer, John Kormendy, Jason Pinkney, Gary Bower, Richard F. Green, T. Gull, J. B. Hutchings, M. E. Kaiser, Charles H. Nelson, D. O. Richstone, D. Weistrop · 发表于：The Astronomical Journal · 年份：2001 · DOI：10.1086/323481 · 被引用次数：252 · 研究领域：Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena、Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations、Astronomy and Astrophysical Research

Galaxies that contain bulges appear to contain central black holes whose masses correlate with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. We show that no corresponding relationship applies in the pure disk galaxy M33. Three-integral dynamical models fit Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 photometry and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy best if the central black hole mass is zero. The upper limit is 1500 M ⊙ . This is significantly below the mass expected from the velocity dispersion of the nucleus and far below any mass predicted from the disk kinematics. Our results suggest that supermassive black holes are associated only with galaxy bulges and not with their disks.