Human, donkey and cow milk differently affects energy efficiency and inflammatory state by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota

作者：Giovanna Trinchese, Gina Cavaliere, Roberto Berni Canani, Sébastien Matamoros, Paolo Bergamo, Chiara De Filippo, Serena Aceto, Marcello Gaita, Pellegrino Cerino, Rossella Negri, Luigi Maria Greco, Patrice D. Cani, Maria Pina Mollica · 发表于：The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · 年份：2015 · DOI：10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.003 · 被引用次数：106 · 研究领域：Infant Nutrition and Health、Fatty Acid Research and Health、Digestive system and related health

Different nutritional components are able, by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota composition, to influence body composition, metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory state. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects produced by the supplementation of different milks on energy balance, inflammatory state, oxidative stress and antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme activities and to investigate the role of the mitochondrial efficiency and the gut microbiota in the regulation of metabolic functions in an animal model. We compared the intake of human milk, gold standard for infant nutrition, with equicaloric supplementation of donkey milk, the best substitute for newborns due to its nutritional properties, and cow milk, the primary marketed product. The results showed a hypolipidemic effect produced by donkey and human milk intake in parallel with enhanced mitochondrial activity/proton leakage. Reduced mitochondrial energy efficiency and proinflammatory signals (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1 and lipopolysaccharide levels) were associated with a significant increase of antioxidants (total thiols) and detoxifying enzyme activities (glutathione-S-transferase, NADH quinone oxidoreductase) in donkey- and human milk-treated animals. The beneficial effects were attributable, at least in part, to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 pathway. Moreover, the metabolic benefits induced by human and donkey milk may be related to the modulatio...