Tobacco smoking, motor exhaust fumes, and general air pollution in relation to lung cancer incidence.

作者：Clarence A. Mills, Marjorie Mills Porter · 发表于：PubMed · 年份：1957 · 被引用次数：20 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism、Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

Summary and Conclusions Details are presented of a survey covering residence, smoking and driving habits of living populations and those dying of lung cancer in the basin and suburban areas of Cincinnati and in Ohio rural areas. The findings in this survey give rise to the following deductions and conclusions: 1.Tobacco smoking was found to be significantly related to lung cancer incidence in the subjects of this study, whether or not there was in addition heavy exposure in urban motor traffic or to general urban air pollution. 2.Annual driving mileages above 12,000 miles per year, as compared with lesser driving mileages, are significantly related to lung cancer incidence among urban men, except for those in the heavy smoking category. 3.Lung cancer death frequencies were found significantly higher among Cincinnati9s Basin men than among suburban men in this survey. 4.Lung cancer rates in nonsmoking men, urban or rural, did not differ significantly from the low rates found prevailing in women of all groups. 5.Finally, it is suggested that the alarming rise in lung cancer incidence is predominantly a hazard pertaining to urban tobacco smoking, but a hazard intensified for those urban smokers with heavy exposure also in urban traffic.