Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy suppresses dental plaque formation in healthy adults: a randomized controlled clinical trial

作者：Akiko Ichinose-Tsuno, Akira Aoki, Yasuo Takeuchi, Teruo Kirikae, Takuro Shimbo, Masaichi‐Chang‐il Lee, Fumihiko Yoshino, Yutaka Maruoka, Toshiyuki Itoh, Isao Ishikawa, Yuichi Izumi · 发表于：BMC Oral Health · 年份：2014 · DOI：10.1186/1472-6831-14-152 · 被引用次数：49 · 研究领域：Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies、Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine、Oral microbiology and periodontitis research

BACKGROUND: Oral care is important for oral and systemic health, especially for elderly institutionalized individuals and compromised patients. However, conventional mechanical plaque control is often difficult for these patients because of the pain or the risk of aspiration. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which is considered an alternative or adjunct to mechanical approaches, has potential application as a less stressful method of daily plaque control, no clinical application of this technique has been reported. METHODS: We investigated the inhibitory effect of a combination of toluidine blue O (TBO), and a red light-emitting diode (LED) on dental plaque formation in healthy volunteers. The optimal concentration of TBO was determined in preliminary in vitro experiments to evaluate the bactericidal effect of aPDT on Streptococcus oralis and to clarify its safety in fibroblast cells. To survey the mechanism of TBO-mediated aPDT, the quality and quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during aPDT were also examined using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, the inhibitory effect of aPDT on dental plaque formation was investigated in eleven subjects as a clinical pilot study. The right or left mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to the treatment (with aPDT) or control (without aPDT) groups. In total, aPDT was applied six times (twice per day) to the teeth in the test group over a period of four days. On the fourth day...