The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance

作者：Ernst W Mayr · 发表于：CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 年份：1982 · 被引用次数：2298 · 研究领域：Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research

1 Introduction: How to write history of biology Subjectivity and bias Why study the history of biology? 2 The place of biology in the sciences and its conceptual structure The nature of science Method in science The position of biology within the sciences How and why is biology different? Special characteristics of living organisms Reduction and biology Emergence The conceptual structure of biology A new philosophy of biology 3 The changing intellectual milieu of biology Antiquity The Christian world picture The Renaissance The discovery of diversity Biology in the Enlightenment The rise of science from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century Divisive developments in the nineteenth century Biology in the twentieth century Major periods in the history of biology Biology and philosophy Biology today PART I DIVERSITY OF LIFE 4 Macrotaxonomy, the science of classifying Aristotle The classification of plants by the ancients and the herbalists Downward classification by logical division Pre-Linnaean zoologists Carl Linnaeus Buffon A new start in animal classification Taxonomic characters Upward classification by empirical grouping Transition period (1758-1859) Hierarchical classifications 5 Grouping according to common ancestry The decline of macrotaxonomic research Numerical phenetics Cladistics The traditional or evolutionary methodology New taxonomic characters Facilitation of information retrieval The study of diversity 6 Microtaxonomy, the science of species Early species co...