Gender differences in socioeconomic inequality of alcohol‐attributable mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

作者：Charlotte Probst, Michael Roerecke, Silke Behrendt, Jürgen T. Rehm · 发表于：Drug and Alcohol Review · 年份：2014 · DOI：10.1111/dar.12184 · 被引用次数：83 · 研究领域：Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes、Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects、Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The present analysis contributes to understanding the societal distribution of alcohol-attributable harm by investigating socioeconomic inequality and related gender differences in alcohol-attributable mortality. DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed on Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ETOH from their inception until February 2013. Articles were included when they reported data on alcohol-attributable mortality by socioeconomic status (SES), operationalised as education, occupation, employment status or income. Gender-specific relative risks (RR) comparing low with high SES were pooled using random effects meta-analyses. Gender differences were additionally investigated in random effects meta-regressions. RESULTS: Nineteen articles from 14 countries were included. For women, significant RRs across all measures of SES, except employment status, were found, ranging between 1.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.54; occupation] and 4.78 (95% CI 2.57-8.87; income). For men, all measures of SES showed significant RRs ranging between 2.88 (95% CI 2.45-3.40; income) and 12.25 (95% CI 11.45-13.10; employment status). While RRs for men were in general slightly higher, only for occupation this gender difference was above chance (P = 0.01). Results refer to deaths 100% attributable to alcohol. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results are predominantly based on data from high-income countries, limiting generalisability. Alcohol-att...